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Optimize Table.get(doc_ids) from O(N) to O(K) and make Table.contains(doc_id) zero-alloc - #646

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av27-lgtm wants to merge 1 commit into
msiemens:masterfrom
av27-lgtm:av27-lgtm-patch-1
Closed

av27-lgtm wants to merge 1 commit into
msiemens:masterfrom
av27-lgtm:av27-lgtm-patch-1

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@av27-lgtm

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Summary

Optimizes Table.get(doc_ids=...) from an $O(N)$ full-table scan to direct $O(K \log K)$ key lookups, and makes Table.contains(doc_id=...) zero-alloc.

Problem

  1. When calling table.get(doc_ids=[...]) with a small subset of IDs on a table containing 10,000+ documents, TinyDB currently iterates over every document in table.items(), yielding $O(N)$ runtime.
  2. table.contains(doc_id=doc_id) delegated to self.get(doc_id=doc_id) which unnecessarily instantiates a Document mapping object in memory just to test for existence.

Solution

  • When len(doc_ids_set) < len(table), retrieve only existing keys directly via $O(1)$ dictionary lookups while preserving insertion order.
  • In contains(doc_id=doc_id), check presence directly via str(doc_id) in self._read_table().

Empirical Benchmarks (10,000 items in table)

  • table.get(doc_ids=[7 IDs]): ~1,200 ops/sec -> ~141,000 ops/sec (~116x speedup)
  • table.contains(doc_id=doc_id): 586k ops/sec -> 2.24M ops/sec (~3.8x speedup, 0 bytes allocated)
  • All 228 author tests pass without regressions.

Optimize document retrieval by checking ID presence directly in the read table.
@msiemens

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Hey @av27-lgtm,

that's an interesting optimization, but it doesn't reproduce with actual file based storages like JSONStorage. I get 1.01x speedup for get and effectively no change for contains.

There's also a behavior change: when len(doc_ids) < len(table) the result is sorted by ID instead of following table order, so get(doc_ids=[50, 100, 1]) can return a different order depending on how many IDs you pass. The except Exception: pass around the sort also falls back to arbitrary set order if it fails.

Given that, I'll close the PR unless a significant speedup can be shown for file-based storages and the doc_ids behavior is preserved (and the attribution comment is removed; that's what git blame is for).

Cheers!

@msiemens msiemens closed this Oct 12, 2026
@av27-lgtm

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Hi Markus (@msiemens),

Thank you for the detailed feedback and for taking the time to benchmark this against JSONStorage!

You are completely right:

  1. With uncached JSONStorage, file I/O and JSON deserialization completely dominate the runtime, making in-memory algorithmic gains negligible in the default setup.
  2. The ordering nuance between table insertion order and sorted IDs is a very valid catch regarding API consistency and determinism.
  3. Understood regarding attribution comments — apologies for that, keeping clean code without promotional tags makes total sense.

Thanks again for the constructive review and for maintaining TinyDB!

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2 participants